Internet Adress

IP Address
>A number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to the Internet.
>IP addresses are also referred to as IP numbers and Internet addresses.

IP Usage
>A way to find specific server or computer on the internet or a network
>Provide identity to a computer in a network
>Identify for a particular device/machine on a particular network
>Allows transfers of files and e-mail

IP Structure
>IP addresses usually consists of four groups of number each separated by a period.
>The number in each group is between 0 and 255
>It is 32 bit long ,each group is 8 bits long
>Commonly written in decimal.
>Written, for example, 128.35.0.72

IP Version
>Two versions of the Internet Protocol (IP) are in use:
                      
               – IP Version 4 (IPv4)
               – IP Version 6 (IPv6)

IP Version 4 ( IPv4 )
>IPv4 an address consists of 32 bits which limits the address space to 4294967296 (232) possible          unique addresses.

IP Version 6 ( IPv6 )

>The address size was increased from 32 to 128 bits or 16 octets.

>Provides the potential for a maximum of 2128, or about 3.403×1038 unique addresses

Domain name and IP adress

>People prefer to use easy-to-remember names instead of IP addresses 

>Domain names (a part of the URL) are alphanumeric names for IP addresses.

• e.g.neon.ece.utoronto.ca,www.google.com, ietf.org

>The domain name system (DNS) is an Internet-wide distributed database that translates between          domain names and  IP addresses

Internet Address

>Domain name

•The text version of an IP address

>Generally,

•First portion of each IP address identifies the network

•Last portion identifies the specific computer.

Domain Name System

>IP address and domain name allocation requires central administration to avoid                                    duplication  

>Previously administered by U.S. government contract (NSI)

>In 1998, technical coordination assigned to ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and    Numbers).

• ICANN is the official organization that coordinates domain names on the World Wide Web. ICANN is also responsible for approving or denying new domain extensions.

Top-Level Domains ( TLDs )

>The first-level set of domain names are the top-level domains (TLDs)

Generic Top-Level Domains ( gTLD )

>A generic top-level domain (gTLD) is one of the categories of top-level domains (TLDs)                    maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) for use in the Domain Name            System of the Internet.